Renaissance+and+Reformation+Invention

//**The Printing Press**// Gutenburg, Johann. //The Printing Press//. 1440. //Beyond Books//. Web. 8 Dec. 2009. <http://iwww.beyondbooks.com/ images?gbv=2&hl=en&ei=KmoeS4CfE5HplAecmui xCw&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=

A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring an image. The mechanical systems involved were first assembled in Germany by the Goldsmith Johannes Gutenburg around 1440, based on existing screw- presses used to press cloth, grapes, etc. and possibly prints. Gutenburg was the first in Western Eurpe to develop a printing press. During the Renissance era, printing methods based on Gutenburg's printing press spread rapidly throughout first Europe and then the rest of the world. It eventually replaced most versions of block printing, making it the most used format of modern movable type, until being superseded by the advent of offset printing.

//**Telescope**// Galilei, Galileo. //Telescope//. 1609. //ARTstor//. Web. 8 Dec. 2009. .

Based only on uncertain descriptions of the first practical telescope, invented by Hans Lippershey in the Netherlands in 1608, Galileo, in the following year, made a telescope with about 3x magnification. With this improved device he could see magnified, upright images on earth, it was now known as a terrestrial telescope, or spygalss. He could also use it to observe the sky; for a time he was one of those who could construct telescopes good enough for that purpose.