Documents

**//Moons of Jupiter//** Galilei, Galileo. //Moons of Jupiter//. N.d. //ARTstor//. Web. 9 Dec. 2009. .

On January 7,1610 Galileo observed with his telescope what he described at the time as "three fixed stars, totally invisible by their smallness", all close to Jupiter, and lying on a straight line through it. Observations on subsequent nogts showed that the positions of three "stars" relative to Jupiter were changing in a way that would have been inexplivable if they had really been fixed stars. On January 10 Galileo noted that one of them hade disappeared, an observation which he attributed to its being hidden behond Jupiter. Within a few days he concluded that they were orbiting Jupiter.

//**Anatomical Study of the Arm**// Da Vinci, Leonardo. //Anatomical Study of the Arm//. 1510-1511. //ARTstor//. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. .

Leonardo's formal training in the anatomy of the human body began with his apprenticeship to Andrea del Verrocchio, his teacher insisting that all his pupils learn anatomy. As an artist, he quickly became master of Topographic Anatomy, drawing many studies of muscles, tendons, and other visible anatomical features. As a successful artist, he was given permission to dissect human corpses at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence and later at hospitals in Milan and Rome. From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated in his studies with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre and together they prepared a theoretical work on anatomy for which Leonardo made more than 200 drawings. It was published only in 1680 (161 years after his death) under the heading Treatise on Painting.